Batteries
Virtually all power generation systems require some form of energy storage. For grid-tied systems, the utility accepts surplus power and gives it back when needed. A battery bank is required for systems that need to function without the grid, either all of the time or during an outage. In these systems, the solar array or wind turbine charges the batteries whenever they are producing power, and the batteries supply power whenever it is needed. The most common battery technology used for renewable energy systems is lead-acid, in which lead plates are submerged in sulfuric acid. Lead-acid batteries (while bulky) are relatively inexpensive and readily available compared to other battery types.
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